Deutsch Intern
Earth Observation Research Cluster

Prof. Dr. Hannes Taubenböck

Chair holder of the Department
of Global Urbanization and Remote Sensing
in cooperation with the German Aerospace Center (DLR)

   +49 (0)931 31 86778
   +49 (0)8153 28-2480

 hannes.taubenboeck@uni-wuerzburg.de
 hannes.taubenboeck@dlr.de

Thematic:

  • research on global urbanization:
    • area- and population growth
    • expansion of urban areas in natural landscapes
    • analysis of urban structures
    • categorization of urban types
  • research on informal settlements
    • slum expansion and structures of urban poverty
    • refugee camps
  • research on exposition and vulnerability of natural hazards
    • classification and assessment of exposed assets like buildings
  • research on expostion of environmental change
    • urban heat islands
    • airquality
    • noise
  • research on migration
    • combination of remote sensing and social-media data
  • animal-environmental interaction research

Methods:

  • classification methods (ML/KI) concerning EO data
  • multi-disciplinary data analysis (remote sensing social media, etc.)
  • spatial pattern analysis

upon request

since 2022
full professor at the JMU, chair holder of the department of "global urbanization and remote sensing"

since 2009
lecturer at the Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg.

2015 - 2019
Habilitation at the Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg; title: Remote Sensing for the Analysis of Global Urbanization.

2005 - 2008
PhD (Dr. rer. nat.) at the Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg; title: assessment of the vulnerability of the megacity Istanbul with means of remote sensing

1999 - 2004
studies of Geography with remote sensing, spatial planning and geoinformation at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

2023[ to top ]
  • The UnseentextemdashAn Investigative Analysis of Thematic and Spatial Coverage of News on the Ongoing Refugee Crisis in West Africa. Senaratne, Hansi; Mühlbauer, Martin; Kiefl, Ralph; Cárdenas, Andrea; Prathapan, Lallu; Riedlinger, Torsten; Biewer, Carolin; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(4), p. 175. MDPI AG, 2023.
  • Learning income levels and inequality from spatial and sociodemographic data in Germany. Garbasevschi, Oana M.; Taubenböck, Hannes; Schüle, Paul; Baarck, Julia; Hufe, Paul; Wurm, Michael; Peichl, Andreas. In Applied Geography, 159, p. 103058. 2023.
  • Spatially-optimized urban greening for reduction of population exposure to land surface temperature extremes. Massaro, E; Schifanella, R; Piccardo, M; Caporaso, L; Taubenböck, H; Cescatti, A; G, Duveiller. In Nature communications, 14(2903). 2023.
  • Border regions across the globe: Analyzing border typologies, economic and political disparities, and development dynamics. Taubenböck, H.; Otto, C.; Gülzau, F.; Mau, S. In Applied Geography, 151, p. 102866. 2023.
  • EU Cohesion Policy on the Ground: Analyzing Small-Scale Effects Using Satellite Data. Bachtrögler-Unger, J; Dolls, M; Schuele, P; Taubenböck, H; Weigand, M. In Regional Science and Urban Economics. 2023.
  • In the tension between large-scale analysis and accuracy - Identifying and analysing intra-urban (sub-)centre structures comparing official 3D-building models and TanDEM-X nDSMs. Standfuß, Ines; Geiß, Christian; Kühnl, Marlene; Droin, Ariane; Mast, Johannes; Wurm, Michael; Siedentop, Stefan; Heider, Bastian; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 102, p. 101953. 2023.
  • Spatial delineation of urban corridors in North America: An approach incorporating fuzziness based on multi-source geospatial data. Georg, Isabel; Blaschke, Thomas; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Cities, 133, p. 104129. 2023.
  • YOLO object detection models can locate and classify broad groups of flower-visiting arthropods in images. Stark, T.; Ştefan, V.; Wurm, M.; Spanier, R.; Taubenboeck, H.; Knight, T. M. In Nature Sci Rep, 13(16364). 2023.
  • Does urban growth mean the loss of greenness? A multi-temporal analysis for Chinese cities. Yu, Sisi; Leichtle, Tobias; Zhang, Zengxiang; Liu, Fang; Wang, Xiao; Yan, Xue; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Science of The Total Environment, 898, p. 166373. 2023.
  • Quantifying urban heat exposure at fine scale - modeling outdoor and indoor temperatures using citizen science and VHR remote sensing. Leichtle, Tobias; Kühnl, Marlene; Droin, Ariane; Beck, Christoph; Hiete, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Urban Climate, 49, p. 101522. 2023.
  • Planned, unplanned, or in-between? A concept of the intensity of plannedness and its empirical relation to the built urban landscape across the globe. Debray, Henri; Kraff, Nicolas J.; Zhu, Xiao Xiang; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Landscape and Urban Planning, 233, p. 104711. 2023.
  • A structural catalog of the settlement morphology in refugee and IDP camps. Weigand, M; Worbis, S; Sapena, M; Taubenböck, H. In International Journal of Geographical Sciences., 37(6), pp. 1338–1364. 2023.
  • The Individual Walkable Neighborhood - Evaluating people-centered spatial units focusing on urban density. Droin, Ariane; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 99, p. 101893. 2023.
  • Greener cities cost more green: Examining the impacts of different urban expansion patterns on NPP. Zhong, Jing; Jiao, Limin; Droin, Ariane; Liu, Jiafeng; Lian, Xihong; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Building and Environment, 228, p. 109876. 2023.
  • Litter on the streets - solid waste detection using VHR images. Ulloa-Torrealba, Y; Schmitt, A; Wurm, M; Taubenböck, H. In European Journal of Remote Sensing, 56(1). 2023.
  • The Unseen—An Investigative Analysis of Thematic and Spatial Coverage of News on the Ongoing Refugee Crisis in West Africa. Senaratne, H.; Mühlbauer, M.; Kiefl, R.; Cárdenas, A.; Prathapan, L.; Riedlinger, T.; Biewer, C.; Taubenböck, H. In ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 12. 2023.
  • Deep multitask learning with label interdependency distillation for multicriteria street-level image classification. Aravena Pelizari, P; Geiß, C; Groth, S; Taubenböck, H. In ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2023.
  • Deep Neural Network Regression for Digital Surface Model Generation with Sentinel-2 Imagery. Müller, K; Leppich, R; Geiß, C; Borst, V; Aravena-Pelizari, P; Kounev, S; Taubenböck, H. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2023.
  • Quantitative assessment and comparison of urban patterns in Germany and the United States. Schmitt, Andreas; Uth, Philipp; Standfuß, Ines; Heider, Bastian; Siedentop, Stefan; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 100, p. 101920. 2023.
2022[ to top ]
  • Selection of unlabeled source domains for domain adaptation in remote sensing. Geiß, Christian; Rabuske, Alexander; Aravena Pelizari, Patrick; Bauer, Stefan; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Array, 15, p. 100233. 2022.
  • Mapping of small water bodies with integrated spatial information for time series images of optical remote sensing. Dong, Yuting; Fan, Libei; Zhao, Ji; Huang, Shusong; Geiß, Christian; Wang, Lizhe; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Journal of Hydrology, 614, p. 128580. 2022.
  • Intra-metropolitan Employment Concentration in the 21st Century: A comparative study of U.S. and German Metropolitan Areas. Heider, B; Roth, D; Standfuß, I; Mast, J; Siedentop, S; Taubenböck, H. In Journal of Urban Affairs. 2022.
  • 2So2Sat POP – A Curated Benchmark Data Set for Population Estimation from Space on a Continental Scale. Doda, S; Wang, Y; Kahl, M; Taubenböck, H; Zhu, XX. In Nature Scientific Data., 9(715). 2022.
  • Time series enable the characterization of small-scale vegetation dynamics that influence fine-scale animal behavior – an example from white storks’ foraging behavior. Standfuß, Ines; Geiß, Christian; Nathan, Ran; Rotics, Shay; Scacco, Martina; Kerr, Grégoire; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation. 2022.
  • New paper published on Data-driven prediction of COVID-19 cases in Germany in the journal BMC Medical Research Methodology. L, Refisch; F, Lorenz; T, Riedlinger; H, Taubenböck; M, Fischer; L, Grabenhenrich; M, Wolkewitz; H, Binder; C, Kreutz. In BMC Medical Research Methodology., 22(116). 2022.
  • Geo-Information Harvesting from Social Media Data. Zhu, Xiao Xiang; Wang, Yuanyuan; Kochupillai, Mrinalini; Werner, Martin; Häberle, Matthias; Hoffmann, Eike Jens; Taubenböck, Hannes; Tuia, Devis; Levering, Alex; Jacobs, Nathan; Kruspe, Anna; Abdulahhad, Karam. 2022.
  • Housing forms of poverty in Europe - A categorization based on literature research and satellite imagery. Kraff, Nicolas J.; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Applied Geography, 149, p. 102820. 2022.
  • Dynamics of intra-urban employment geographies: A comparative study of U.S. and German metropolitan areas. Heider, Bastian; Mast, Johannes; Roth, Duncan; Standfuß, Ines; Siedentop, Stefan; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Journal of Urban Affairs. 2022.
  • Earth Observation and Artificial Intelligence: Understanding emerging ethical issues and opportunities. Kochupillai, Mrinalini; Kahl, Matthias; Schmitt, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes; Zhu, Xiao Xiang. IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022.
  • Estimating housing vacancy rates at block level: The example of Guiyang, China. Shi, Lifeng; Wurm, Michael; Huang, Xianjin; Zhong, Taiyang; Leichtle, Tobias; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Landscape and Urban Planning, 224, p. 104431. 2022.
  • Benefits of Global Earth Observation Missions for Exposure Estimation and Earthquake Loss Modelling textendash Evidence from Santiago de Chile, Chile. Geiß, Christian; Priesmeier, Peter; Pelizari, Patrick Aravena; Calderon, Angélica Rocio Soto; Schoepfer, Elisabeth; Riedlinger, Torsten; Vega, Mabé Villar; Mar’i}}a, Hernán Santa; Zapata, Juan Camilo Gómez; Pittore, Massimiliano; So, Emily; Fekete, Alexander; Taubenböck, Hannes. Research Square Platform LLC, 2022.
  • Empiric recommendations for population disaggregation under different data scenarios. Sapena, Marta; Kühnl, Marlene; Wurm, Michael; Patino, Jorge E.; Duque, Juan C.; Taubenböck, Hannes. In PLOS ONE, 17(9), pp. 1–29. Public Library of Science, 2022.
  • To be, or not to be ‘urban’? A multi-modal method for the differentiated measurement of the degree of urbanization. Taubenböck, H.; Droin, A.; Standfuß, I.; Dosch, F.; Sander, N.; Milbert, A.; Eichfuss, S.; Wurm, M. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 95, p. 101830. 2022.
2021[ to top ]
  • Defining pathways to healthy sustainable urban development. Tonne, Cathryn; Adair, Linda; Adlakha, Deepti; Anguelovski, Isabelle; Belesova, Kristine; Berger, Maximilian; Brelsford, Christa; Dadvand, Payam; Dimitrova, Asya; Giles-Corti, Billie; Heinz, Andreas; Mehran, Nassim; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Pelletier, François; Ranzani, Otavio; Rodenstein, Marianne; Rybski, Diego; Samavati, Sahar; Satterthwaite, David; Schöndorf, Jonas; Schreckenberg, Dirk; Stollmann, Jörg; Taubenböck, Hannes; Tiwari, Geetam; van Wee, Bert; Adli, Mazda. In Environment International, 146, p. 106236. 2021.
  • Which city is the greenest? A multi-dimensional deconstruction of city rankings. Taubenböck, H.; Reiter, M.; Dosch, F.; Leichtle, T.; Weigand, M.; Wurm, M. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 89, p. 101687. 2021.
  • Automated building characterization for seismic risk assessment using street-level imagery and deep learning. Aravena Pelizari, Patrick; Geiß, Christian; Aguirre, Paula; Santa María, Hernán; Merino Peña, Yvonne; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 180, pp. 370–386. 2021.
2020[ to top ]
  • Inferring floor area ratio thresholds for the delineation of city centers based on cognitive perception. Wurm, Michael; Goebel, Jan; Wagner, Gert G.; Weigand, Matthias; Dech, Stefan; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. Sage Publications, 2020.
  • Deriving urban mass concentrations using TanDEM-X and Sentinel-2 data for the assessment of morphological polycentricity. Standfuß, I.; Geiß, C.; Kühnl, M.; Wurm, M.; Siedentop, S.; Heider, B.; Taubenböck, H. In IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Sysposium 2020, pp. 4219–4222. 2020.
  • Urbanization that hides in the dark -- Spotting China’s ``ghost neighborhoods’’ from space. Shi, Lifeng; Wurm, Michael; Huang, Xianjin; Zhong, Taiyang; Leichtle, Tobias; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Landscape and Urban Planning, 200, pp. 1–14. Elsevier, 2020.
  • Seven city types representing morphologic configurations of cities across the globe. Taubenböck, H.; Debray, H.; Qiu, C.; Schmitt, M.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, X.X. In Cities, 105, p. 102814. 2020.
  • Spectral-Spatial Classification Integrating Band Selection for Hyperspectral Imagery With Severe Noise Bands. Zhao, Ji; Tian, Suzheng; Geiß, Christian; Wang, Lizhe; Zhong, Yanfei; Taubenböck, Hannes. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, pp. 1597–1609. IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2020.
  • Spatial and semantic effects of LUCAS samples on fully automated land use/land cover classification in high-resolution Sentinel-2 data. Weigand, Matthias; Staab, Jeroen; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes. In International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 88, p. 102065. 2020.
  • Spatial and Semantic Effects of LUCAS Samples on Fully Automated Land Use/Land Cover Classification in High-resolution Sentinel-2 Data. Weigand, Matthias; Staab, Jeroen; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes. In International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, pp. 1–9. 2020.
  • Multistrategy ensemble regression for mapping of built-up density and height with Sentinel-2 data. Geiß, Christian; Schrade, Henrik; Aravena Pelizari, Patrick; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 170, pp. 57–71. 2020.
  • Satellite-Based Mapping of Urban Poverty With Transfer-Learned Slum Morphologies. Stark, T.; Wurm, M.; Zhu, X. X.; Taubenböck, H. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, pp. 5251–5263. 2020.
  • Spectral-Spatial Classification Integrating Band Selection for Hyperspectral Imagery With Severe Noise Bands. Zhao, J.; Tian, S.; Geiß, C.; Wang, L.; Zhong, Y.; Taubenböck, H. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, pp. 1597–1609. 2020.
  • Mapping Plastic Greenhouses Using Spectral Metrics Derived From GaoFen-2 Satellite Data. Shi, L.; Huang, X.; Zhong, T.; Taubenböck, H. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, pp. 49–59. 2020.
  • Mapping Plastic Greenhouses Using Spectral Metrics Derived From GaoFen-2 Satellite Data. Shi, Lifeng; Huang, Xianjin; Zhong, Taiyang; Taubenböck, Hannes. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, (49-59). 2020.
  • Analyzing Links between Spatio-Temporal Metrics of Built-Up Areas and Socio-Economic Indicators on a Semi-Global Scale. Sapena, Marta; Ruiz, Luis A.; Taubenböck, Hannes. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020.
  • Continental-scale mapping and analysis of 3D building structure. Li, Mengmeng; Koks, Elco; Taubenböck, Hannes; van Vliet, Jasper. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 245, p. 111859. 2020.
  • Satellitendaten zur Erfassung gesundheitsrelevanter Umweltbedingungen: Beispiele und interdisziplinäre Potenziale. Taubenböck, Hannes; Schmich, Patrick; Erbertseder, Thilo; Müller, Inken; Tenikl, Julia; Weigand, Matthias; Staab, Jeroen; Wurm, Michael. Springer, 2020.
  • Urbanization that hides in the dark – Spotting China’s “ghost neighborhoods” from space. Shi, Lifeng; Wurm, Michael; Huang, Xianjin; Zhong, Taiyang; Leichtle, Tobias; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Landscape and Urban Planning, 200, p. 103822. 2020.
  • Seven city types representing morphologic configurations of cities across the globe. Taubenböck, Hannes; Debray, Henri; Qiu, Chunping; Schmitt, Michael; Wang, Yuanyuan; Zhu, Xiao Xiang. In Cities, 105, pp. 1–15. Elsevier, 2020.
  • Satellitendaten zur Erfassung gesundheitsrelevanter Umweltbedingungen: Beispiele und interdisziplinäre Potenziale. Taubenböck, Hannes; Schmich, Patrick; Erbertseder, Thilo; Müller, Inken; Tenikl, Julia; Weigand, Matthias; Staab, Jeroen; Wurm, Michael. In Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, 63(8), pp. 936–944. 2020.
  • Uncertainties of Human Perception in Visual Image Interpretation in Complex Urban Environments. Kraff, N. J.; Wurm, M.; Taubenböck, H. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 13, pp. 4229–4241. 2020.
  • Misperceptions of Predominant Slum Locations? Spatial Analysis of Slum Locations in Terms of Topography Based on Earth Observation Data. Müller, Inken; Taubenböck, Hannes; Kuffer, Monika; Wurm, Michael. In Remote Sensing, 12(15), p. 2474. MDPI AG, 2020.
  • Europäische Lärmkarten - Methodik und Bewertung im Kontext überregionaler Umweltgerechtigkeitsstudien. Staab, Jeroen; Weigand, Matthias; Schady, Arthur; Wurm, Michael; Lakes, Tobia; Taubenböck, Hannes. N. Riedel; H. Köckler; G. Bolte (eds.), pp. 10–16. Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung (IPP), Universität Bremen, 2020.
  • The dynamics of poor urban areas - analyzing morphologic transformations across the globe using Earth observation data. Kraff, Nicolas J.; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Cities, 107, p. 102905. 2020.
  • Measuring the spatial hierarchical urban system in China in reference to the Central Place Theory. Shi, Lifeng; Wurm, Michael; Huang, Xianjin; Zhong, Taiyang; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Habitat International, 105, p. 102264. 2020.
  • Continental-scale mapping and analysis of building footprint, height and volume. Li, Mengmeng; Koks, Elco; Taubenböck, Hannes; van Vliet, Jasper. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 245, pp. 1–16. Elsevier, 2020.
  • Air Quality Monitoring and Data Management in Germany - Status Quo and Suggestions for Improvement. Petry, Lisanne; Herold, Hendrik; Meinel, Gotthard; Meiers, Thomas; Müller, Inken; Kalusche, Elena; Erbertseder, Thilo; Taubenböck, Hannes; Zaunseder, Elaine; Srinivasan, Vignesh; Osman, Ahmed Mohamed Magdi Mohamed; Weber, Beatrix; Jäger, Stefan; Mayer, Christian; Gengenbach, Christian. 2020.
2019[ to top ]
  • Semantic segmentation of slums in satellite images using transfer learning on fully convolutional neural networks. Wurm, Michael; Stark, Thomas; Zhu, Xiao Xiang; Weigand, Matthias; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 150, pp. 59–69. Elsevier, 2019.
  • Slum Mapping in Imbalanced Remote Sensing Datasets Using Transfer Learned Deep Features. Stark, Thomas; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes; Xiang Zhu, Xiao. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Flächendeckende Lärmkartierung aus dem All. Staab, Jeroen; Weigand, Matthias; Schady, Arthur; Wurm, Michael; Lakes, Tobia; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Workshop Lärmaktionsplanung- Mehr Chancen auf Gesundheit durch Lärmaktionsplanung?!. 2019.
  • Remote Sensing in Environmental Justice Research - A Review. Weigand, Matthias; Wurm, Michael; Dech, Stefan; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(20), pp. 1–28. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2019.
  • How dynamic are slums? EO-based assessment of Kibera’s morphologic transformation. Kraff, Nicolas; Taubenböck, Hannes; Wurm, Michael. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Urbanization between compactness and dispersion – Designing a spatial model for measuring 2D binary settlement landscape configurations. Taubenböck, H; Wurm, M; Geiß, C; Dech, S; Siedentop, S. In International Journal of Digital Earth, 12(6), pp. 679–698. 2019.
  • Modelling the impact of the urban spatial structure on the choice of residential locations using ’big earth data’ and machine learning. Wurm, Michael; Weigand, Matthias; Stark, Thomas; Goebel, Jan; Wagner, Gert G.; Taubenböck, Hannes. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event JURSE, pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Virtual support vector machines with self-learning strategy for classification of multispectral remote sensing imagery. Geiß, Christian; Pelizari, Patrick Aravena; Blickensdörfer, Lukas; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 151, pp. 42–58. Elsevier, 2019.
  • Satellitengestützte Vermessung von städtischem Grün in deutschen Städten. Tenikl, Julia; Wurm, Michael; Weigand, Matthias; Staab, Jeroen; Müller, Inken; Taubenböck, Hannes. In 11. Dresdner Flächennutzungssymposium. 2019.
  • Urbanization in China from the end of 1980s until 2010 - spatial dynamics and patterns of growth using EO-data. Shi, Lifeng; Taubenböck, Hannes; Zhang, Zengxiang; Liu, Fang; Wurm, Michael. In International Journal of Digital Earth, 12(1), pp. 78–94. Taylor & Francis, 2019.
  • Mapping Human Settlements with Multi-seasonal Sentinel-2 Imagery and Attention-based ResNeXt. Qiu, Chunping; Schmitt, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes; Zhu, Xiao Xiang. In JURSE 2019, pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Patterns of Eastern European Urbanisation in the Mirror of Western Trends – Convergent, Unique or Hybrid?. Taubenböck, H; Gerten, C; Rusche, K; Siedentop, S; Wurm, M. In Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science., 46(7), pp. 1206–1225. 2019.
  • A new ranking of the world’s largest cities—Do administrative units obscure morphological realities?. Taubenböck, H.; Weigand, M.; Esch, T.; Staab, J.; Wurm, M.; Mast, J.; Dech, S. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 232, p. 111353. 2019.
  • Sensitivity of slum size distributions as a function of spatial parameters for slum classification. Friesen, John; Knoche, Christoph; Pelz, Peter; Taubenböck, Hannes; Wurm, Michael. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event, JURSE 2019, pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Satellitengestützte Vermessung von städtischem Grün in deutschen Städten. TaubenTenikl, Julia; Wurm, Michael; Weigand, Matthias; Staab, Jeroen; Müller, Inken; Taubenböck, Hannes. In 11. Dresdner Flächennutzungssymposium. 2019.
  • Understanding an urbanizing planet: Strategic directions for remote sensing. Zhu, Zhe; Zhou, Yuyu; Seto, Karen C.; Stokes, Eleanor C.; Deng, Chengbin; Pickett, Steward T.A.; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 228, pp. 164–182. 2019.
  • Has Dongying developed to a ghost city? - Evidence from multi-temporal population estimation based on VHR remote sensing and census counts. Leichtle, Tobias; Lakes, Tobia; Zhu, Xiao Xiang; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 78, p. 101372. 2019.
  • Size Distributions for Morphological Slums in Asia and South America. Friesen, John; Lestakova, Michaela; Kaltenmorgen, Jens; Suwaythan, Nahaganeshan; Pelz, Peter; Taubenböck, Hannes; Wurm, Michael. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event, JURSE 2019, pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Sensitivity of slum size distributions as a function of spatial parameters for slum classification. Friesen, J.; Knoche, C.; Hartig, J.; Pelz, P. F.; Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Modelling the impact of the urban spatial structure on the choice of residential location using ‘big earth data’ and machine learning. Wurm, M.; Weigand, M.; Stark, T.; Goebel, J.; Wagner, G. G.; Taubenböck, H. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Comparing Urban Green Spaces in German Cities Using Remote Sensing Data. Technical Report (Master thesis), . Reiter, Marina. Master thesis, p. 116. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 2019, July 4.
  • How dynamic are slums? EO-based assessment of Kibera’s morphologic transformation. Kraff, N. J.; Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Webcams und Maschinelles Sehen in der angewandten Humangeographie. Staab, Jeroen; Stiller, Dorothee; Schady, Arthur; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Deutscher Kongress für Geographie 2019. 2019.
  • Size distributions of slums across the globe using different data and classification methods. Friesen, John; Taubenböck, Hannes; Wurm, Michael; Pelz, Peter. In European Journal of Remote Sensing, 52(S2), pp. 99–11. Taylor & Francis, 2019.
  • Large-scale building extraction in very high-resolution aerial imagery using Mask R-CNN. Stiller, Dorothee; Stark, Thomas; Wurm, Michael; Dech, Stefan; Taubenböck, Hannes. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. IEEE, 2019.
  • Europe’s socio-economic disparities reflected in settlement patterns derived from satellite data. Taubenböck, Hannes; Dahle, Felix; Geiß, Christian; Wurm, Michael. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. IEEE, 2019.
  • Slum Mapping in Imbalanced Remote Sensing Datasets Using Transfer Learned Deep Features. Stark, T.; Wurm, M.; Taubenböck, H.; Zhu, X. X. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. 2019.
  • Remote Sensing for the Analysis of Global Urbanization. Taubenböck, Hannes. In DLR-Forschungsbericht. 2019.
  • Mapping human settlements with Sentinel-2 imagery and deep neural networks. Qiu, Chunping; Schmitt, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes; Zhu, Xiao Xiang. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. IEEE, 2019.
  • Has Dongying developed to a ghost city? - Evidence from multi-temporal population estimation based on VHR remote sensing and census counts. Leichtle, Tobias; Lakes, Tobia; Zhu, Xiao Xiang; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 78, pp. 1–15. Elsevier, 2019.
  • A transferable remote sensing approach to classify building structural types for seismic risk analyses: the case of Val d’Agri area (Italy). Liuzzi, Mariangela; Aravena Pelizari, Patrick; Geiß, Christian; Masi, Angelo; Tramutoli, Valerio; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 17(9), pp. 4825–4853. 2019.
  • Understanding an urbanizing planet: Strategic directions for remote sensing. Zhu, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Seto, Karen C.; Stokes, E.; Deng, C.; Pickett, STA.; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 228, pp. 164–182. Elsevier, 2019.
  • Towards Global Slum Mapping From Space: Detecting Urban Poverty Using a Transfer Learned Fully Convolutional Network. Stark, Thomas; Wurm, Michael; Taubenböck, Hannes; Zhu, Xiao Xiang. In Phi-week 2019. 2019.
  • A new ranking of the world’s largest cities---Do administrative units obscure morphological realities?. Taubenböck, Hannes; Weigand, Matthias; Esch, Thomas; Staab, Jeroen; Wurm, Michael; Mast, Johannes; Dech, Stefan. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 232, pp. 1–14. Elsevier, 2019.
  • Patterns of Eastern European Urbanisation in the Mirror of Western Trends -- Convergent, Unique or Hybrid?. Taubenböck, Hannes; Gerten, Christian; Rusche, Karsten; Siedentop, Stefan; Wurm, Michael. In Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 46(7), pp. 1206–1225. Sage Publications, 2019.
  • Inferring floor area ratio thresholds for the delineation of city centers based on cognitive perception. Wurm, Michael; Goebel, Jan; Wagner, Gert G; Weigand, Matthias; Dech, Stefan; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, p. 239980831986934. SAGE Publications, 2019.
  • Large-Area Characterization of Urban Morphology: Mapping Built-Up Height and Density with the TanDEM-X Mission and Sentinel-2. Geiß, Christian; Leichtle, Tobias; Wurm, Michael; Pelizari, Patrick Aravena; Standfuß, Ines; Zhu, Xiao Xiang; So, Emily; Siedentop, Stefan; Esch, Thomas; Taubenböck, Hannes. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 12(8), pp. 2912–2927. IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019.
  • Patterns of Eastern European urbanisation in the mirror of Western trends textendash Convergent, unique or hybrid?. Taubenböck, H; Gerten, C; Rusche, K; Siedentop, S; Wurm, M. In Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 46(7), pp. 1206–1225. SAGE Publications, 2019.
  • Automatic Training Set Compilation with Multisource Geodata for DTM Generation from the TanDEM-X DSM. Geiß, Christian; Pelizari, Patrick Aravena; Bauer, Stefan; Schmitt, Andreas; Taubenböck, Hannes. In IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 17(3), pp. 456–460. IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019.
  • Was passiert, wenn... Exposition und Vulnerabilität urbaner Räume gegenüber Naturgefahren. Schöpfer, Elisabeth; Pelizari, Patrick Aravena; Geiß, Christian; Riedlinger, Torsten; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Transforming Cities, 2, pp. 38–42. Trialog Publishers, 2019.
  • A transferable remote sensing approach to classify building structural types for seismic risk analyses: the case of Val d’Agri area (Italy). Liuzzi, Mariangela; Pelizari, Patrick Aravena; Geiß, Christian; Masi, Angelo; Tramutoli, Valerio; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, pp. 1–29. Springer, 2019.
  • Size Distributions for Morphological Slums in Asia and South America. Friesen, J.; Lestakova, M.; Kaltenmorgen, J.; Nahaganeshan, S.; Pelz, P. F.; Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M. In 2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), pp. 1–4. 2019.
2018[ to top ]
  • The morphology of the Arrival City - A global categorization based on literature surveys and remotely sensed data. Taubenböck, H.; Kraff, N.J.; Wurm, M. In Applied Geography, 92, pp. 150–167. 2018.
  • Are We in Boswash Yet? A Multi-Source Geodata Approach to Spatially Delimit Urban Corridors. Georg, Isabel; Blaschke, Thomas; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(1), p. 15. MDPI AG, 2018.
  • Are the Poor Digitally Left Behind? Indications of Urban Divides Based on Remote Sensing and Twitter Data. Taubenböck, Hannes; Staab, Jeroen; Zhu, Xiao; Geiß, Christian; Dech, Stefan; Wurm, Michael. In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(8), p. 304. MDPI AG, 2018.
2017[ to top ]
  • Measuring morphological polycentricity - A comparative analysis of urban mass concentrations using remote sensing data. Taubenböck, H.; Standfuß, I.; Wurm, M.; Krehl, A.; Siedentop, S. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 64, pp. 42–56. 2017.
2016[ to top ]
  • A Global Inventory of Urban Corridors Based on Perceptions and Night-Time Light Imagery. Georg, Isabel; Blaschke, Thomas; Taubenböck, Hannes. In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 5(12), p. 233. MDPI AG, 2016.
  • The Physical Density of the CitytextemdashDeconstruction of the Delusive Density Measure with Evidence from Two European Megacities. Taubenböck, Hannes; Standfuß, Ines; Klotz, Martin; Wurm, Michael. In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 5(11), p. 206. MDPI AG, 2016.
  • New spatial dimensions of global cityscapes: From reviewing existing concepts to a conceptual spatial approach. Georg, Isabel; Blaschke, Thomas; Taubenböck, Hannes. In Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(3), pp. 355–380. 2016.
2015[ to top ]
  • The spatial network of megaregions - Types of connectivity between cities based on settlement patterns derived from EO-data. Taubenböck, H.; Wiesner, M. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 54, pp. 165–180. 2015.
  • Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Remote Sensing for Terrestrial Applications: Evolution, Current State of the Art, and Future Possibilities. Oppelt, Natascha; Scheiber, Rolf; Gege, Peter; Wegmann, Martin; Taubenboeck, Hannes; Michael, Berger. In Remotely sensing handbook. Volume I, P. S. Thenkabail (ed.). 2015.
  • Wo beginnt die Stadt? Urbane Fernerkundung für stadtgeographische Forschung. Taubenböck, Hannes; Wurm, Michael. Netzwerk Stadt und Landschaft, 2015.
2014[ to top ]
  • The physical face of slums: a structural comparison of slums in Mumbai, India, based on remotely sensed data. Taubenböck, H.; Kraff, N. J. In Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 29(1), pp. 15–38. 2014.
  • New dimensions of urban landscapes: The spatio-temporal evolution from a polynuclei area to a mega-region based on remote sensing data. Taubenböck, H.; Wiesner, M.; Felbier, A.; Marconcini, M.; Esch, T.; Dech, S. In Applied Geography, 47, pp. 137–153. 2014.
2013[ to top ]
  • Satellites: make data freely accessible. Turner, W; Buchanan, G; Rondinini, C; Dwyer, J; Herold, M; Koh, L Pin; Leidner, A; Leimgruber, P; Mora, B; Pettorelli, N; Szantoi, Z; Taubenböck, Hannes; Wegmann, Martin; Wikelski, M. In Nature, 498(37), p. 37. 2013.
  • Delineation of Central Business Districts in mega city regions using remotely sensed data. Taubenböck, H.; Klotz, M.; Wurm, M.; Schmieder, J.; Wagner, B.; Wooster, M.; Esch, T.; Dech, S. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 136, pp. 386–401. 2013.
2012[ to top ]
  • Monitoring urbanization in mega cities from space. Taubenböck, H.; Esch, T.; Felbier, A.; Wiesner, M.; Roth, A.; Dech, S. In Remote Sensing of Environment, 117, pp. 162–176. 2012.
2011[ to top ]
  • Spatio-temporal cross-city comparison using multisensoral remote sensing for Mexican cities. Taubenböck, Hannes; Klotz, M.; Felbier, Andreas; Wegmann, Martin; Ludwig, Ralf. In Proceedings of JURSE2011, U. Stilla, P. Gamba, C. Jürgens, D. Maktav (eds.), pp. 81–84. 2011.
2010[ to top ]
  • Urban Remote Sensing - How Can Earth Observation Support the Sustainable Development of Urban Environments?. Esch, T.; Taubenböck, H.; Heldens, W.; Thiel, M.; Wurm, M.; Geiss, C.; Dech, S. In 15th International Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and Information Society (REAL CORP), pp. 837–847. Vienna, Austria, 2010.
  • Fernerkundung im urbanen Raum. Taubenböck, H.; Dech, S. 1st ed. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft (WBG), 2010.
  • Object-based feature extraction using high spatial resolution satellite data of urban areas. Taubenböck, H.; Esch, T.; Wurm, M.; Roth, A.; Dech, S. In Journal of Spatial Science, 55(1), pp. 111–126. 2010.
  • The global trend of urbanization - Spatiotemporal analysis of megacities using multitemporal remote sensing, landscape metrics and gradient analysis. Taubenböck, Hannes; Wegmann, Martin; Wurm, Michael; Ullmann, Thomas; Dech, Stefan. In Proceedings of SPIE Europe Remote Sensing, pp. 1–20. 2010.
  • Fernerkundung im urbanen Raum - Erdbeobachtung auf dem Weg zur Planungspraxis. Taubenböck, Hannes; Dech, Stefan. p. 192. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft (WBG), 2010.
2009[ to top ]
  • Urbanization: A global change issue. Taubenböck, H.; Wegmann, M.; Roth, A.; Schmidt, M.; Dech, S. In 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. Stresa, Italy, 2009.
  • Assessing building vulnerability using synergistically remote sensing and civil engineering. Taubenböck, H.; Münich, C.; Zschau, J.; Roth, A.; Stempniewski, L.; Dech, S.; Mehl, H. In Urban and Regional Data Management, A. Krek, M. Rumor, S. Zlatanova, E. Fendel (eds.). CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom, ISBN 978-0-415-55642-2, 2009.
  • Last-Mile preparation for a potential disaster – Interdisciplinary approach towards tsunami early warning and an evacuation information system for the coastal city of Padang, Indonesia. Taubenböck, H.; Goseberg, N.; Setiadi, N.; Lämmel, G.; Moder, F.; Oczipka, M.; Klüpfel, H.; Wahl, R.; Schlurmann, T.; Strunz, G.; Birkmann, J.; Nagel, K.; Siegert, F.; Lehmann, F.; Dech, S.; Gress, A.; Klein, R. In Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(4), pp. 1509–1528. 2009.
  • Mega cities: Hints on risk management using EO data. Taubenböck, H.; Roth, A.; Dech, S. In Global Mapping of Human Settlements: Experiences, Data Sets, and Prospects, P. Gamba, M. Herold (eds.). Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom, ISBN 978-1-4200-8339-2, 2009.
  • Urbanization in India – Spatiotemporal analysis using remote sensing data. Taubenböck, H.; Wegmann, M.; Roth, A.; Mehl, H.; Dech, S. In Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 33(3), pp. 179–188. 2009.
  • Monitoring and assessment of urban environments using space-borne earth observation data - selected applications. Esch, T.; Taubenböck, H.; Heldens, W.; Thiel, M.; Wurm, M.; Klein, D.; Dech, S.; Roth, A.; Schmidt, M. In Urban and Regional Data Management, A. Krek, M. Rumor, S. Zlatanova, E. Fendel (eds.), pp. 385–398. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.
  • Urban structuring using multisensoral remote sensing data - by the example of German cities - Cologne and Dresden. Wurm, M.; Taubenböck, H.; Roth, A.; Dech, S. In Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. Shanghai, China, 2009.
  • Changing urbanity in Istanbul - Analysis of megacity developments using synergistic potentials of multi-temporal SAR and optical data. Breunig, M.; Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M.; Roth, A. In Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. Shanghai, China, 2009.
  • Analysis of urban sprawl at mega city Cairo, Egypt using multisensoral remote sensing data, landscape metrics and gradient analysis. Taubenböck, H.; Wegmann, M.; Roth, A.; Mehl, H.; Dech, S. In 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. Stresa, Italy, 2009.
  • Vulnerability assessment towards tsunami threats using multisensoral remote sensing data. Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M.; Post, J.; Roth, A.; Strunz, G.; Dech, S. In Proceedings of the SPIE - Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology IX. Berlin, Germany, 2009.
  • Derivation of population distribution for vulnerability assessment in flood-prone German cities using multisensoral remote sensing data. Wurm, M.; Taubenböck, H.; Krings, S.; Birkmann, J.; Roth, A.; Dech, S. In Proceedings of the SPIE - Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology IX. Berlin, Germany, 2009.
  • Interdisziplinäre Forschungsansätze zur Abschätzung der städtischen Verwundbarkeit gegenüber Hochwasserereignissen. Krings, S.; Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M.; Birkmann, J. In 10. Forum Katastrophenvorsorge - Datenhintergrund und Informationen. Bonn, Germany, 2009.
  • Integrating Remote Sensing and Social Science – The correlation of urban morphology with socioeconomic parameters. Taubenböck, H.; Wurm, M.; Setiadi, N.; Gebert, N.; Roth, A.; Strunz, G.; Birkmann, J.; Dech, S. In Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. Shanghai, China, 2009.
2008[ to top ]
  • Utilizing spaceborne imagery for vulnerability assessment: potentials and perspectives. Roth, A.; Taubenböck, H.; Esch, T.; Mehl, H. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2008.
  • Vulnerabilitätsabschätzung der erdbebengefährdeten Megacity Istanbul mit Methoden der Fernerkundung. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Taubenböck, Hannes. PhD dissertation. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 2008.
  • Vulnerabilitatsabschätzung für die Megacity Istanbul mit Fernerkundung und GIS im Falle eines Erdbebens. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Taubenböck, H. PhD dissertation. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 2008.
  • A conceptual vulnerability and risk framework as outline to identify capabilities of remote sensing. Taubenböck, H.; Post, J.; Roth, A.; Zosseder, K.; Strunz, G.; Dech, S. In Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 8(3), pp. 409–420. 2008.
  • Emergency Preparedness in the case of a Tsunami - Evacuation Analysis and Traffic Optimization for the Indonesian city of Padang. Lämmel, G.; Rieser, M.; Nagel, K.; Taubenböck, H.; Strunz, G.; Klüpfel, H.; Goseberg, N.; Matheja, A.; Schlurmann, T.; Setiadi, N.; Birkmann, J. In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED2008). Wuppertal, Germany, 2008.
  • Risk and vulnerability assessment to tsunami hazard using very high resolution satellite data. Taubenböck, H.; Post, J.; Kiefl, R.; Roth, A.; Ismail, F.; Strunz, G.; Dech, S. In Proceedings of the EARSeL Joint Workshop. Bochum, Germany, 2008.
  • Identification of built-up areas using SAR data – A comparison of TerraSAR-X and ALOS PALSAR imagery. Thiel, M.; Esch, T.; Wurm, M.; Taubenböck, H.; Dech, S. In Proceedings of the SPIE Europe: Remote Sensing Conference - Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XIV. Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, 2008.
  • Spatiotemporal analysis of Indian megacities. Taubenböck, Hannes; Wegmann, Martin; Berger, Christian; Breunig, Markus; Roth, Achim; Mehl, Harald. In Proceedings of the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. 10, pp. 75–82. 2008.
  • Risk and Disaster Management in Mega Cities utilizing Earth Observation Data. Taubenböck, H.; Roth, A.; Zschau, J.; Mehl, H.; Dech, S. In Proceedings of the International Disaster and Risk Conference (IDRC). Davos, Switzerland, 2008.
  • Urban structure analysis of mega city Mexico City using multi-sensoral remote sensing data. Taubenböck, H.; Esch, T.; Wurm, M.; Thiel, M.; Ullmann, T.; Roth, A.; Schmidt, M.; Mehl, H.; Dech, S. In Proceedings of the SPIE Europe: Remote Sensing Conference - Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology VIII. Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, 2008.
  • Preparation for an expected disaster – The contribution of remote sensing and civil engineering to support risk management at mega city Istanbul, Turkey. Taubenböck, H.; Münich, C.; Roth, A.; Stemniewski, L.; Mehl, H.; Dech, S. In CEDIM Workshop on Mega City Istanbul. Istanbul, Turkey, 2008.
  • Numerical Last-Mile Tsunami Early Warning and Evacuation Information System. Birkmann, J.; Dech, S.; Goseberg, N.; Lämmel, G.; Moder, F.; Nagel, K.; Oczipka, M.; Schlurmann, T.; Setiadi, N.; Siegert, F.; Strunz, G.; Taubenböck, H. In International Conference on Tsunami Warning (ICTW). Bali, Indonesia, 2008.
  • Multi-scale assessment of population distribution utilizing remotely sensed data - The case study Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Taubenböck, H.; Post, J.; Roth, R.; Strunz, G.; Kiefl, R.; Dech, S.; Ismail, F. In International Conference on Tsunami Warning (ICTW). Bali, Indonesia, 2008.
2007[ to top ]
  • Linking structural urban characteristics derived from high resolution satellite data to population distribution. Taubenböck, H.; Roth, A.; Dech, S. In Urban and Regional Data Management, Coors, Rumor, Fendel, Zlatanova (eds.). Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom, ISBN 978-0-41544059-2, 2007.
  • The capabilities of remote sensing to support disaster management: A case study of the district Üsküdar in Istanbul, Turkey. Taubenböck, H.; Roth, A.; Dech, S.; Mehl, H. In Turkish Journal of Disaster, 2(1). 2007.